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? ; O = A? Why Project Northland? * ( ( ( Alcohol use begins in pre- and early adolescence
Delaying onset is critical
Alcohol is a gateway drug
Lasting changes in adolescent alcohol use require the efforts of whole communities v 33 > + ? , @ - D 1 0 When do adolescents in Split start to drink? 82% had their first drink (other than a few sips) between the ages of 8 and 16
21% had their first drink before they were 10 years of age
Findings from the 2002 YRB Survey 6 v ) ! ) E 2 & Where do adolescents in Split drink?
54% adolescents drink in groups
22% drink in coffee bars
12% drink in parks
11% drink at parties
Findings from the 2002 YRB Survey
X ! b v - ! c , F 3 ) How often do adolescents in Split drink?
During the last 30 days:
23% drank at least 1 - 2 days
12% drank at least 3 - 5 days
7% drank 10 days or more
2% drank every day
Findings from the 2002 YRB Survey J ! h v ' v ' G 4 * How much do adolescents in Split drink? During the past 30 days:
11% said they had 5 or more drinks on at least 1 day
16% had 5 or more drinks on 2 to 5 days
3% had 5+ drinks on 10 or more days
11% drank alcohol (at least one drink) 40 + days in their lifetime.
Findings from the 2002 YRB Survey z ! Z v Z E v Z * ! Z ! % A . & Alcohol-Related Risk Taking Behaviors 22% rode in a car driven by someone who had been drinking
9% drank and rode a bicycle or motorcycle
8% drank and were in a physical fight
4% drank and drove fast
9% drank and had sexual intercourse with a casual partner
Findings from the 2002 YRB Survey > v Z ' v Z ' B 0 E What do adolescents say their families think about their drinking? F E ( 32% said their parents have seen them drunk including:
18% who said their parents saw them drunk but they did not recognize they were drinking
5% who said their parents accepted their drunkenness.
Findings from the 2002 YRB Survey
p 7 v v ( v 7 " * C / W h a t d o a d o l e s c e n t s s a y a b o u t t h e i r f a m i l y s e x p e r i e n c e w i t h a l c o h o l ? z
5% said their fathers drink excessively
5% said a grandparent drinks excessively
Findings from the 2002 YRB Survey J ! S v ' v T ' * How do we reduce underage drinking rates? + + $
Target all adolescents, not just those in need of chemical dependency treatment
Give a strong no-use message
Use strategies that address both individual and social-environmental factors * v 33n 6 Theoretical Background Factors Determining Alcohol Use & 7 ( $ F INDIVIDUAL
(demand)
SOCIAL-ENVIRONMENTAL
(supply/access and demand)
0 1 G Personality characteristics and ways of thinking that increase or decrease likelihood of alcohol use
Aspects of the environment that support or discourage alcohol use Individual Factors Knowledge about consequences for alcohol use
Personal values
Attitudes/intention to drink
Self-efficacy
Past alcohol, tobacco, or other drug use
Skills to resist offers to use
Incentives/reinforcements v 33 Social-Environmental Factors Role models
Peer influence
Access to alcohol (opportunities/barriers)
Community norms and standards
Parental communication, expectations,
and discipline D d v 33' v 33Z v F
# Primary Goals of Project Northland $ Prevent onset of alcohol use
Reduce frequency and quantity of alcohol use
Reduce alcohol-related problems
Utilize multilevel, community-wide approach J v 33 - v 33Z L v 33 < *
Program Focus Slick Tracy
(6th Grade)
Amazing Alternatives!
(7th Grade)
PowerLines
(8th Grade)
Supercharged!
Community Mobilization
Class Action High School
Z Z
, <
N Parent Focus: Increases parent-child communication and assists in establishing household rules
Peer Focus: Examines the influences to use alcohol that young people encounter and teaches students skills to resist them
Community Focus: Introduces students to professional and political groups within the community and teaches them techniques to bring about community-level change
Community Strategies
Community Leader Training
Consequences of Alcohol Use: Small groups prosecute typical legal cases involving youth and alcohol ` Z F Z Q n N F Parent Education and Involvement ! ! ( P a r e n t m e s s a g e s i n c l u d e :
D e v e l o p c l e a r , c o n s i s t e n t r u l e s w i t h a p p r o p r i a t e c o n s e q u e n c e s
D i s c u s s a n d e n f o r c e r u l e s
M o n i t o r c h i l d r e n a n d k n o w c h i l d r e n s f r i e n d s
R o l e m o d e l b e h a v i o r t h a t y o u w a n t c h i l d r e n t o a d o p t
D i s c u s s m a s s m e d i a m e s s a g e s
P r o v i d e f u n , n o - a l c o h o l a c t i v i t i e s
R e d u c e a c c e s s t o a l c o h o l
P a r t i c i p a t e i n s c h o o l a n d c o m m u n i t y p o l i c y - m a k i n g . Z C v 33Z \
! Peer Leadership and Participation " " ( Peer goals include:
Provide peer leadership and support for nonuse
Create opportunities for positive, healthy activities
Create norm of nonuse
n
/ v 336 v 33n v 33 6 The Slick Tracy Home Team Program 6th Grade Curriculum , 7 ! ( $ $ Five 30 to 45-minute weekly classroom sessions
Two to three classroom sessions to create posters
Poster fair
Four activity comic books to be done at home v 33 Slick Tracy Peer Leaders ( ( Selection Elected by peers for the entire program
(one leader for each small group)
Training 11/2 to 2 hours
Tasks During classroom sessions
\ 3 & < @ d
2 * Amazing Alternatives! 7th Grade Curriculum + $ Program Goal To develop interpersonal and refusal skills in young adolescents and to build positive peer-group influences * t " Amazing Alternatives! Peer Leaders #
PowerLines 8th Grade Curriculum (
Program Goal
" PowerLines Peer Leaders
! # E Supercharged! Strategies That Worked in Project Northland Communities 4 F
m Notes for Parents
Fun Night
Student Leader Group
Gold and Purple Card Program
Community Task Force
Media ` K K [ K 3 ̙ 3+ : ' $ G In the U.S., Policy Solutions To Keep Alcohol Away from Underage Youth H H Administrative Penalties
Compliance Checks
Alcohol Restrictions in Public Places
Beer Keg Registration
Checking Age Identifications
Minimum Age of Seller Regulations or Bans on Home Delivery of Alcohol
Responsible Beverage Service (RBS) Training
Restrictions on Alcohol Sponsorship
Alcohol Warning Posters
Alcohol Taxation
2 % R E v a l u a t i o n o f P r o j e c t N o r t h l a n d s I m p a c t Six northern Minnesota, U.S. counties with a total population of 235,000
Primarily European ethnicity, although there are seven Indian reservations in the area
Researchers selected these counties because the population had the highest levels of alcohol-related problems in the state v 33 ' t Project Northland Alcohol and Other Drug Use Outcomes (Fall 1991 6th graders to follow-up Spring 1994, 8th graders) F u # = t ( t Project Northland Alcohol and Other Drug Use Outcomes (Fall 1991 6th graders to follow-up Spring 1994, 8th graders) F u # = t 5 % Outcomes for Intervention Group ( At the end of 8th grade all students in
Reference group:
20% reduction in monthly drinking
30 % reduction in weekly drinking
27% reduction in both alcohol and tobacco use
In comparison with the control group < 9 r % 6 & Outcomes for Baseline Nonusers (
28% reduction in monthly drinking
46% reduction in weekly drinking
37% lower rate of cigarette smoking
50 % lower rate of marijuana
L Z i Z Z Z Z & % Key Areas of Success in Intervention & & ( { Peer influences
Normative expectations of students
Self-efficacy at parties
Attitudes toward use
Parent-child communication | v 33| ) 2 D a l e s C o n e o f E x p e r i e n c e * Prevention: a collaborative School, Family and Community Process that promotes health through the planning and implementation of strategies that: $
33 33 1. reduce specific risk factors
2. identify and intervene on unhealthy behaviors
3. strengthen protective factors that contribute to health and well-being = ) + 7 NIDA* Prevention Principles Prevention Programs should: 8 -- enhance protective factors and reduce risk factors
-- target all forms of drug abuse
-- teach social competency and drug resistance skills
-- utilize interactive vs. didactic instruction
-- include a family component in all programs
-- be long-term: repeated interventions across school years
-- family-focused: include both children and parents
*US National Institute on Drug Abuse
" Z ] & , 6 NIDA Prevention Principles Prevention Programs should: 7 $ -- strengthen norms against drug use
-- reach all populations in schools
-- adapt to concentrate on specific community problems
-- increase efforts for higher-risk populations
-- be age-specific, developmentally-appropriate, & culturally sensitive
-- call attention to cost-effectiveness - for every $1 spent, save $4-$5 in treatment and counseling
-- include media campaigns
-- include establishment of effective policies Z - Youth Risk Factors Physical Health:
Poor nutrition, health care
Chronic pain
Congenital defect
Acquired physical handicap
Family:
Children spaced less than two years apart; more than 5 children in family
High criticism and little nurturing; poor communication skills
Low academic and employment expectations
Stressed and unstable
Isolation; lack of religious involvement; lack of extended family support
Abuse and/or neglect
Children unsupervised after school
Frequent relocation : Z \ f . ! Youth Risk Factors Social/Peer:
Tobacco/alcohol/drug use by peers
Rejection by peers
Gang influence and status
Neighborhood, Community, School:
Poverty and disorganization
School transitions
Lack of healthy activities for youth after school 8
S ! d / " Youth Risk Factors d Genetics:
Mental illness, chemical use problems, learning disabilities within family
Personality/Interaction with Environment:
Positive attitude toward drug/alcohol use; early initiation into risky behavior
Shyness, especially when combined with hostility
Impulsivity, rebelliousness, aggression; criminal behavior
Sensation seeker
Emotional problems such as depression or anxiety, suicidal
Lack of self efficacy (power to produce a certain effect)
Easy and frequent lying
Learning disabled
Lack of social skills
Low grades, academic problems; lack of bonding with school
Heavily influenced by peers : e Z
M * 0 # The Environment of Resiliency/ 8 3 9 J
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An American International Health Alliance Partnership
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In Croatia:
1995: (WHO, 1999)
70% drank an alcoholic beverage in the past 12 months
33% had drunk to intoxication in the past 12 months
82% report alcohol consumption ever in their life
1997: (Highlights on Health in Croatia)
43% of total road traffic accidents involved alcohol ( Greater than twice as high as the EU average) & 08 P 2 00 P 2 0 P 2 0 P 2 ) 10 P 2 f 0 P 2 & % f H
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1998: (Substance Abuse in the Republic of Croatia, Sakoman)
62.5% high school students report alcohol consumption in the past month
82.2% of high school students report alcohol consumption in the past 12 months
88.3% of high school students report alcohol consumption ever in their life
1999: (ESPAD, Hibell etal)
Among 16 year old students:
73% report consumption of alcohol during the last 12 months
40% report drunkenness within the past 12 months
19% report having been drunk at the age of 13 or younger
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0 F
R PROJECT NORTHLAND OBJECTIVES ( 2
0 K
e Reduce alcohol use & alcohol use problems among adolescents grades 6-12
Reduce tobacco and marijuana use
Develop social environments that support non-drinking among adolescents and reinforce no-use norms
Reduce access to alcohol from social and commercial sources
Identify sources of influences, including peers and media, that influence alcohol use decisions
Provide opportunities to practice social, personal, and communication skills that support non use of alcohol and influence norms
Increase parent, school, and community level involvement to support and enforce adolescent non use of alcohol & other drugs f 2 e H
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Introduce weekly activity comic books
Lead small-group activities
Read or hand out directions
Report small-group discussions to classroom *
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F Eight 45-minute classroom sessions
Peer-led experiential activities P $
v 332 0
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{ = Audiotapes
Role plays
Group discussions
Games
Problem solving " >
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Read or hand out directions
Report small-group discussions to classroom
Organize role plays *
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0 To introduce students to professional and political groups within the community that influence adolescent alcohol use and to reinforce messages and behaviors learned
in Slick Tracy and Amazing Alternatives! D 0
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Eight 45-minute classroom sessions
Interview leaders of organizations for community projects
Present small-group, community projects
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Report small-group discussions to classroom
Monitor progress and facilitate problem solving on
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Community leaders will action plan strategies to reduce youth access to alcohol R
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Wingdings Arial Palatia Default Design ClipArt Microsoft Word Document Slide 1 Why Project Northland? Slide 3 Slide 4 Slide 5 1 When do adolescents in Split start to drink? ' Where do adolescents in Split drink? * How often do adolescents in Split drink? + How much do adolescents in Split drink? ' Alcohol-Related Risk Taking Behaviors F What do adolescents say their families think about their drinking? G What do adolescents say about their familys experience with alcohol? + How do we reduce underage drinking rates? 7 Theoretical Background Factors Determining Alcohol Use Individual Factors Social-Environmental Factors $ Primary Goals of Project Northland Slide 18 Program Focus ! Parent Education and Involvement " Peer Leadership and Participation 7 The Slick Tracy Home Team Program 6th Grade Curriculum Slick Tracy Peer Leaders + Amazing Alternatives! 7th Grade Curriculum # Amazing Alternatives! Peer Leaders PowerLines 8th Grade Curriculum PowerLines Peer Leaders Slide 28 F Supercharged! Strategies That Worked in Project Northland Communities Slide 30 Slide 31 H In the U.S., Policy Solutions To Keep Alcohol Away from Underage Youth * Evaluation of Project Northlands Impact u Project Northland Alcohol and Other Drug Use Outcomes (Fall 1991 6th graders to follow-up Spring 1994, 8th graders) u Project Northland Alcohol and Other Drug Use Outcomes (Fall 1991 6th graders to follow-up Spring 1994, 8th graders) Outcomes for Intervention Group Outcomes for Baseline Nonusers & Key Areas of Success in Intervention Dales Cone of Experience Prevention: a collaborative School, Family and Community Process that promotes health through the planning and implementation of strategies that: Slide 41 8 NIDA* Prevention Principles Prevention Programs should: 7 NIDA Prevention Principles Prevention Programs should: Youth Risk Factors Youth Risk Factors Youth Risk Factors The Environment of Resiliency Fonts Used Design Template Embedded OLE Servers
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